pricing markups

How much is the typical markup for wholesale and retail in the tennis industry (ie. stringing machines, racquets, strings, balls, shoes, etc.)  And, do any manufacturers sell directly to customers?

Typical markup for strings, balls, grips & overwraps, etc. is going to be based on a common retail practice called keystone where your wholesale cost is doubled to arrive at your retail price for consumers.

Stringing machines are priced by the manufacturer and that’s an entirely different situation. Assuming your inquiry is because you wish to sell stringing machines, you would have to have a legitimate business with the necessary credentials (ie; a state tax permit and a business license, etc.) and then you can contact the distributor to get pricing and suggested retail.

If you’re inquiring because you just want to buy a stringing machine for yourself the markup will be determined by the company you buy from and you will research the various places that sell that specific machine to get the best price available.

Racquets would depend on where you’re sourcing them. If you have an account with the manufacturer, it will depend on the type of account you have. Companies typically have different levels that are based on how much product you commit to. The more product you buy, the better level your costs are. The manufacturers set a suggested retail price and a MAP price (Minimum Advertised Price) which dictates the highest price you can advertise for racquets. If you violate the MAP the companies can take the appropriate action up to and including closing your account.

Yes, you can buy directly from the manufacturers by opening an account. Each company will have its criteria for this and once you’re approved you can buy from them. Some manufacturers have websites where the public can buy directly from them but this will not be wholesale pricing.